{ "_about": "Research dataset for the Public Accountability test (dontlieto.me). Published as a download at site/data/public-accountability.json, an exact copy that tools/check-site.js keeps in sync. Each record is one consequential decision from Huizenga's MI-4 tenure (Jan. 2023 onward), selected by the rule in 'sample_rule' without regard to whether an explanation exists. No score is computed from these fields; the published page summarizes them in prose and a category table.", "_reviewed": "2026-09-25", "sample_rule": [ "Universe: decisions from Jan. 3, 2023 through Sept. 25, 2026 that this site already covered before this research began.", "A. Enacted or House-passed measures with a CBO/JCT estimate of $100 billion or more over ten years.", "B. The final House vote on each fiscal year's full-year appropriations, any vote that ended a funding lapse, and rescission bills under the Impoundment Control Act.", "C. Healthcare-coverage votes covered on the Healthcare & Coverage page.", "D. The decisive House vote(s) on terminating a national emergency or directing removal of forces under the War Powers Resolution. Procedural rules on the same emergency are folded into that decision.", "E. Stand-alone foreign military-assistance bills (final passage).", "F. Final House passage of the annual defense authorization.", "G. Executive-oversight floor votes (contempt, subpoena enforcement) covered on the site.", "H. Measures the Voting Record classifies as having a direct MI-4 effect.", "I. Legislation Huizenga helped lead that passed the House or became law.", "Excluded: the editorial-judgment votes (TikTok divestiture, Laken Riley Act, SPEED Act), speaker elections, and commemorative measures." ], "sources_searched": [ "huizenga.house.gov press releases and 'In the News' items, Jan. 2023 to Sept. 11, 2026 (293 items, every item in both listings)", "Huizenga Huddle e-newsletter archive on huizenga.house.gov (44 issues, Feb. 2023 to Sept. 24, 2025; the public archive lists no issue after Sept. 24, 2025)", "Congressional Record Index entries for Huizenga, 2023 through Sept. 24, 2026 (GovInfo), and the floor text of each relevant remark", "Web searches of local and national news for each decision with no primary-source explanation (Detroit News, WMUK, WHTC, WSJM, Holland Sentinel, MLive, Fox, Bloomberg)" ], "definitions": { "substantive": "The explanation identifies the specific policy reason for the decision and, where this site has documented a significant fiscal, coverage, or institutional consequence of the decision, engages at least one such consequence, cost, or counterargument.", "partial": "A position was communicated, but the explanation gives no specific policy reason, is mainly political messaging, or does not engage a significant consequence this site has documented.", "none": "The sources reviewed for this analysis did not identify a public explanation." }, "decisions": [ {"id": "fra-2023", "criterion": "A,B", "action": "Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746), debt-limit agreement", "date": "2023-05-31", "roll": "2023 Roll 243", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, May 31, 2023; Huizenga Huddle, June 8, 2023", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402637", "explanation_date": "2023-05-31", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"While this bill does not include everything I would have liked ... In divided government, no one gets everything they want.\"", "notes": "Gives reasons (first cut to baseline discretionary spending, caps, work requirements, permitting). Cites $2.1 trillion in savings, a Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget high-end figure; CBO's estimate was $1.5 trillion. The Voting Record previously said no statement was found."}, {"id": "lsg-2023", "criterion": "A", "action": "Limit, Save, Grow Act (H.R. 2811)", "date": "2023-04-26", "roll": "2023 Roll 199", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Apr. 26, 2023; weekly column, May 4, 2023", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=401611", "explanation_date": "2023-04-26", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"This legislation prevents a default and takes a reasonable approach that reduces spending by $4.8 trillion over the next decade.\"", "notes": "The column names the mechanisms (unspent COVID funds, 1% cap on spending growth). No site-documented consequence to engage. The Voting Record previously said no statement was found."}, {"id": "fy24-approps", "criterion": "B", "action": "FY2024 full-year appropriations (H.R. 4366 and H.R. 2882 packages)", "date": "2024-03-22", "roll": "2024 Rolls 64, 102", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Mar. 22, 2024; Huizenga Huddle, Mar. 28, 2024", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402814", "explanation_date": "2024-03-22", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"Considering we are five months into the fiscal year, it was important to pass this legislation.\"", "notes": "Newsletter calls the bill 'very far from perfect'; lists specific provisions (troop pay, border, IRS rescission)."}, {"id": "ssfa-2024", "criterion": "A", "action": "Social Security Fairness Act (H.R. 82)", "date": "2024-11-12", "roll": "2024 Roll 456", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Huizenga Huddle, Nov. 26, 2024", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=BHQA3XWCHKQBBSPAYOTGS7Q2EY", "explanation_date": "2024-11-26", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": false, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "partial", "quote": "\"Passing this legislation was the right thing to do on behalf of the millions of police officers, firefighters, teachers, and other public servants who deserve their full retirement benefits.\"", "notes": "Fairness rationale. Doesn't address CBO's $196 billion cost or the earlier trust-fund exhaustion documented on Entitlement Durability. Entitlement Durability and the Voting Record previously said no statement was found."}, {"id": "fy25-cr", "criterion": "B", "action": "Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 (H.R. 1968)", "date": "2025-03-11", "roll": "2025 Roll 70", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Mar. 11, 2025", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404014", "explanation_date": "2025-03-11", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"This funding measure ensures the federal government is able to continue serving the American people while avoiding an unnecessary shutdown.\"", "notes": "Lists specific provisions (WIC increase, IRS rescission, telehealth, troop pay). The Voting Record previously said no statement was found."}, {"id": "hr1-2025", "criterion": "A", "action": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1)", "date": "2025-07-03", "roll": "2025 Rolls 145, 190", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, July 3, 2025; Huizenga Huddle, July 10, 2025; local interview quoted in the Voting Record", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404104", "explanation_date": "2025-07-03", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": false, "mi4_connection": true, "category": "partial", "quote": "\"These commonsense reforms will preserve these important safety net programs for those who need it most.\"", "notes": "Detailed reasons on taxes and work requirements, and responds to one counterargument (who the work requirements reach). Doesn't engage CBO's $4.1 trillion deficit estimate or its projected 10 million increase in the uninsured. Michigan connection is general (manufacturing, farmers)."}, {"id": "rescissions-2025", "criterion": "B", "action": "Rescissions Act of 2025 (H.R. 4)", "date": "2025-07-18", "roll": "2025 Rolls 168, 203", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Huizenga Huddle, June 17, 2025", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=BHQA3XWCHKQBBJX3FFJ6ADEZQE", "explanation_date": "2025-06-17", "substantive": false, "tradeoffs": false, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "partial", "quote": "\"Last week House Republicans passed a recessions package to cut billions in spending.\"", "notes": "Framed around wasteful spending and a USAID bribery case; the list of eliminated items appears as an image. No text addresses which programs were cut or the Impoundment Control Act process."}, {"id": "fy26-cr-shutdown", "criterion": "B", "action": "Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 (H.R. 5371), initial passage and the vote that ended the 43-day shutdown", "date": "2025-11-12", "roll": "2025 Rolls 281, 285", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Huizenga Huddle, Sept. 24, 2025; press release, Nov. 12, 2025", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404169", "explanation_date": "2025-11-12", "substantive": false, "tradeoffs": false, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "partial", "quote": "\"This shutdown was totally avoidable and unnecessary.\"", "notes": "September newsletter gives a procedural reason (more time for appropriations). November statement assigns blame to Democrats."}, {"id": "fy26-approps", "criterion": "B", "action": "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 (H.R. 7148), final House vote", "date": "2026-02-03", "roll": "2026 Roll 53", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "An Apr. 13, 2026 release announces FY2026 housing grants to district communities but doesn't explain the vote."}, {"id": "hr5378-2023", "criterion": "C", "action": "Lower Costs, More Transparency Act (H.R. 5378)", "date": "2023-12-11", "roll": "2023 Roll 708", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Dec. 12, 2023", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402752", "explanation_date": "2023-12-12", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"The Lower Costs, More Transparency Act specifically helps seniors, families, and individuals save on the cost of prescription drugs.\"", "notes": "Lists specific provisions."}, {"id": "hr6703-2025", "criterion": "C", "action": "Lower Health Care Premiums for All Americans Act (H.R. 6703)", "date": "2025-12-17", "roll": "2025 Roll 349", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "His Dec. 17, 2025 Fox Business appearance discussed subsidies generally; network summary only (secondary)."}, {"id": "hr1834-2026", "criterion": "C", "action": "Extension of enhanced ACA premium tax credits (H.R. 1834)", "date": "2026-01-08", "roll": "2026 Roll 11", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Detroit News, Jan. 8, 2026 (secondary; his quoted words); Fox Business, Dec. 17, 2025 (secondary)", "url": "https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2026/01/08/how-michigan-lawmakers-voted-on-restoration-of-health-insurance-subsidies/88080308007/", "explanation_date": "2026-01-08", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": false, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "partial", "quote": "\"This rush to just throw money at a problem without fixing the root cause of the problem is just foolish, in my mind.\"", "notes": "Reasons: improper enrollment, and subsidies not addressing underlying costs; said he would look at a Senate compromise. Doesn't engage CBO's coverage or premium estimates. Healthcare & Coverage previously said no statement was found."}, {"id": "hr498-2025", "criterion": "C", "action": "Do No Harm in Medicaid Act (H.R. 498)", "date": "2025-12-18", "roll": "2025 Roll 362", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": ""}, {"id": "hr3492-2025", "criterion": "C", "action": "Protect Children's Innocence Act (H.R. 3492)", "date": "2025-12-17", "roll": "2025 Roll 351", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": ""}, {"id": "covid-emergency-2023", "criterion": "D", "action": "Terminating the COVID-19 national emergency (H.J.Res. 7)", "date": "2023-02-01", "roll": "2023 Roll 104", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Weekly column, Apr. 21, 2023", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=401610", "explanation_date": "2023-04-21", "substantive": false, "tradeoffs": false, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "partial", "notes": "Mentions that House Republicans 'led the charge' to end the emergency; no reason given."}, {"id": "sanctions-emergencies-2023", "criterion": "D", "action": "Five resolutions terminating 2003-2012 sanctions emergencies", "date": "2023-07-18", "roll": "2023 Rolls 333-337", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "Failed by wide bipartisan margins."}, {"id": "syria-somalia-2023", "criterion": "D", "action": "War-powers removal resolutions on Syria (H.Con.Res. 21) and Somalia (H.Con.Res. 30)", "date": "2023-04-27", "roll": "2023 Rolls 136, 201", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "Failed by wide bipartisan margins."}, {"id": "canada-emergency-2025-26", "criterion": "D", "action": "Canada tariff emergency: four 2025 rules blocking expedited votes, the Brazil tabling motion, and H.J.Res. 72", "date": "2026-02-11", "roll": "2025 Rolls 67, 94, 106, 265, 268; 2026 Rolls 60, 65", "vote": "Yea on rules; Nay on H.J.Res. 72", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "Related but not an explanation of these votes: Huizenga Huddle, Apr. 4, 2025, describes the objective of the tariffs as reshoring automotive, pharmaceutical, and chemical manufacturing. It doesn't address Congress's role or the emergency votes."}, {"id": "venezuela-wh-2025", "criterion": "D", "action": "War-powers resolutions on Venezuela (H.Con.Res. 64) and Western Hemisphere designated organizations (H.Con.Res. 61)", "date": "2025-12-17", "roll": "2025 Rolls 345, 346", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "A Jan. 3, 2026 statement praises the operation that captured Maduro but doesn't address the war-powers votes."}, {"id": "iran-2026", "criterion": "D", "action": "Six war-powers resolutions on Iran (H.Con.Res. 38, 40, 75, 86, 89, 93)", "date": "2026-03-05", "roll": "2026 Rolls 85, 114, 170, 199, 282, 307", "vote": "Nay (all six)", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Floor remarks on H.Con.Res. 38, Congressional Record, Mar. 4, 2026, H2403-H2404; Fox & Friends First, June 3, 2026 (secondary)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2026-03-04/html/CREC-2026-03-04-pt1-PgH2395.htm", "explanation_date": "2026-03-04", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"Peace through strength does not mean another open-ended war of the past.\" ... \"He has notified and briefed Congress on these operations.\"", "notes": "Acknowledges the legality dispute ('We have a different opinion on whether this is legal or not'), gives a rationale (Iran's record, imminent threat, defined mission), and addresses Congress's role (notification and briefings). The primary-source explanation covers the first vote; later votes rest on the secondary June 3 interview summary. No follow-up explanation found after the Senate adopted H.Con.Res. 86 or after the ceasefire."}, {"id": "lebanon-2026", "criterion": "D", "action": "War-powers resolutions on Lebanon (H.Con.Res. 84, 108)", "date": "2026-06-30", "roll": "2026 Rolls 201, 232", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": ""}, {"id": "hr5692-2023", "criterion": "E", "action": "Ukraine security assistance, $300 million (H.R. 5692)", "date": "2023-09-28", "roll": "2023 Roll 503", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": ""}, {"id": "hr6126-2023", "criterion": "E", "action": "Israel Security Supplemental (H.R. 6126)", "date": "2023-11-02", "roll": "2023 Roll 577", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Huizenga Huddle, Nov. 15, 2023", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=GKZ6IBECTOKJU27BDTNFTH3SG4", "explanation_date": "2023-11-15", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "notes": "Explains support for separate votes on each part of the President's request, citing the debt and higher interest costs, and reports a constituent survey."}, {"id": "hr8035-2024", "criterion": "E", "action": "Ukraine Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 (H.R. 8035)", "date": "2024-04-20", "roll": "2024 Roll 151 (and Cammack amendment, Roll 149)", "vote": "Nay (Aye on the Cammack amendment)", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Apr. 20, 2024", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402837", "explanation_date": "2024-04-20", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"I could not support this legislation because of the overall price tag of $61.7 billion and the fact that it funded programs well beyond just military assistance.\"", "notes": "Names the alternative he voted for: the Cammack amendment to limit the bill to military assistance, which failed 154-272 (Roll 149). Alliances & Trade and the Voting Record previously said no statement explaining the vote was found."}, {"id": "hr8034-8036-2024", "criterion": "E", "action": "Israel (H.R. 8034) and Indo-Pacific (H.R. 8036) security supplementals", "date": "2024-04-20", "roll": "2024 Rolls 146, 152", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Apr. 20, 2024", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402837", "explanation_date": "2024-04-20", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "notes": "States a reason for each bill."}, {"id": "hr2913-2026", "criterion": "E", "action": "Ukraine Support Act (H.R. 2913)", "date": "2026-06-04", "roll": "2026 Roll 207", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": ""}, {"id": "ndaa-fy24", "criterion": "F", "action": "FY2024 defense authorization, conference report (H.R. 2670)", "date": "2023-12-14", "roll": "2023 Roll 723", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Dec. 14, 2023; Huizenga Huddle, Dec. 21, 2023", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=402754", "explanation_date": "2023-12-14", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": true, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"This bipartisan bill does not include every provision or reform that I believe is necessary.\"", "notes": "Cites $24.5 million for military construction in Battle Creek and his AUKUS submarine-transfer provision. The Voting Record previously said no MI-4-specific provision or statement was found."}, {"id": "ndaa-fy25", "criterion": "F", "action": "FY2025 defense authorization, final version (H.R. 5009)", "date": "2024-12-11", "roll": "2024 Roll 500", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "He issued a release on the House's June 2024 version (H.R. 8070), not on the final bill."}, {"id": "ndaa-fy26", "criterion": "F", "action": "FY2026 defense authorization, final version (S. 1071)", "date": "2025-12-10", "roll": "2025 Roll 320", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, Dec. 10, 2025", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404195", "explanation_date": "2025-12-10", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "notes": "Describes his provisions (Strategic Ports Reporting Act, NATO spending, State Department public diplomacy). Enacted as P.L. 119-60; sec. 1704 carries the strategic-ports text. The Voting Record previously said no statement was found."}, {"id": "ndaa-fy27", "criterion": "F", "action": "FY2027 defense authorization, House passage (H.R. 8800)", "date": "2026-07-22", "roll": "2026 Roll 278", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": ""}, {"id": "garland-contempt-2024", "criterion": "G", "action": "Contempt of Congress for Attorney General Merrick Garland (H.Res. 1292)", "date": "2024-06-12", "roll": "2024 Roll 260", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Huizenga Huddle, June 20, 2024", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/email/show.aspx?ID=GKZ6IBECTOKJUSXRDDMMLRNPGQ", "explanation_date": "2024-06-20", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": true, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"Congress has the constitutional responsibility and authority to conduct oversight of the Executive Branch.\"", "notes": "Addresses the privilege claim and the Justice Department's decision not to prosecute."}, {"id": "ag-approps-fy24", "criterion": "H", "action": "FY2024 Agriculture-FDA appropriations (H.R. 4368), failed", "date": "2023-09-28", "roll": "2023 Roll 507", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "The Oct. 3, 2023 newsletter explains other funding votes that week but not this one."}, {"id": "dera-2026", "criterion": "H", "action": "Diesel Emissions Reduction Act reauthorization (H.R. 2140)", "date": "2026-09-15", "roll": "2026 Roll 304", "vote": "Nay", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "Research through Sept. 25, 2026; only ten days after the vote."}, {"id": "hjres213-2026", "criterion": "H", "action": "Disapproving EPA commercial harbor craft rule (H.J.Res. 213)", "date": "2026-09-16", "roll": "2026 Roll 311", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "Research through Sept. 25, 2026; only nine days after the vote."}, {"id": "wrda-2026", "criterion": "H", "action": "Water Resources Development Act of 2026 (H.R. 9497)", "date": "2026-09-16", "roll": "2026 Roll 313", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": false, "source": null, "url": null, "explanation_date": null, "substantive": null, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": null, "category": "none", "notes": "Research through Sept. 25, 2026; only nine days after the vote. For the 2024 act he issued detailed releases naming district projects (Dec. 10, 2024; Jan. 6, 2025)."}, {"id": "digital-assets-2025", "criterion": "I", "action": "GENIUS Act (S. 1582) and CLARITY Act (H.R. 3633)", "date": "2025-07-17", "roll": "2025 Rolls 199, 200", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, July 17, 2025; floor remarks, Congressional Record, July 17, 2025", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404117", "explanation_date": "2025-07-17", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"Under this bill, we established a regulatory framework that targets the activity, not the technology.\"", "notes": "Floor remarks give reasons (payment-system efficiency, dollar's reserve status)."}, {"id": "hr6955-2026", "criterion": "I", "action": "Main Street Capital Access Act (H.R. 6955)", "date": "2026-07-21", "roll": "2026 Roll 271", "vote": "Yea", "explanation_found": true, "source": "Press release, July 21, 2026; floor remarks, Congressional Record, July 21, 2026", "url": "https://huizenga.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=404474", "explanation_date": "2026-07-21", "substantive": true, "tradeoffs": null, "mi4_connection": false, "category": "substantive", "quote": "\"Less competition means fewer financing options, higher borrowing costs, and less investment on Main Street.\"", "notes": "Explains both of his provisions."} ], "other_evidence": [ "Telephone town halls: Mar. 27, 2023; Mar. 7-8, 2025 (the office reports reaching nearly 100,000 residents). Huizenga Huddle, Apr. 12, 2023 and Mar. 21, 2025.", "Met weekly protesters outside his Holland office for about 45 minutes (Huizenga Huddle, Apr. 4, 2025).", "WMUK, Mar. 19, 2025: about 130 constituents at his Portage office asked for in-person town halls; WMUK reported that he has defended telephone events as a way to reach more people at once.", "Holland Sentinel community column, May 28, 2024: the writer said she asked his office three times to explain the Ukraine vote and hadn't seen an answer. His office had published an explanation on Apr. 20, 2024, the day of the vote." ], "limitations": [ "Social media wasn't systematically reviewed.", "Video and audio interviews were reviewed through published summaries and transcripts, not in full.", "The public newsletter archive lists no issue after Sept. 24, 2025. Newsletters sent after that date weren't available for review.", "Paywalled local news may contain explanations these searches didn't surface.", "Committee statements and hearing remarks weren't reviewed except where released by his office.", "Three district-relevant votes (Sept. 15-16, 2026) were less than two weeks old at the Sept. 25, 2026 review." ], "sensitivity_checks": [ { "added": "2026-10-23", "name": "Same-channel comparison", "question": "Does the 2023-24 vs. 2025-26 difference depend on channels that stopped being available? The weekly column stopped appearing in April 2025, and the public newsletter archive lists no issue after Sept. 24, 2025 (re-checked Oct. 23, 2026).", "rule": "Recount each decision using only channels available across the whole period: press releases, floor remarks in the Congressional Record, and news interviews. Decisions whose only located explanation was a newsletter or weekly column count as none located. The 37-decision cohort, its selection rule, and the published categories above are unchanged.", "newsletter_or_column_only": ["hr6126-2023 (substantive)", "garland-contempt-2024 (substantive)", "covid-emergency-2023 (partial)", "ssfa-2024 (partial)", "rescissions-2025 (partial)"], "results": { "2023-24": {"decisions": 16, "published": {"substantive": 9, "partial": 2, "none": 5}, "same_channel": {"substantive": 7, "partial": 0, "none": 9}}, "2025-26": {"decisions": 21, "published": {"substantive": 5, "partial": 4, "none": 12}, "same_channel": {"substantive": 5, "partial": 3, "none": 13}}, "after Sept. 24, 2025": {"decisions": 17, "published": {"substantive": 3, "partial": 2, "none": 12}, "same_channel": {"substantive": 3, "partial": 2, "none": 12}} }, "finding": "The difference narrows but persists: 7 of 16 vs. 5 of 21 substantive. All 12 decisions with no explanation located in 2025-26 fall after the newsletter archive ends, so newsletters sent after Sept. 24, 2025, if any, could change the comparison. No dashboard indicator changes." } ] }